Turns out it's not that simple. For some reason, the life_time specified when creating the artillery flare is just ignored, and the default is used. Not sure if this is an engine bug or expected behavior I just haven't found the documentation for yet.
As a workaround, I've just increased the default lifespan for the flares from 1 to 5 minutes. On a ridiculous test map with the surroundings packed with spawners, 13 cannons with infinite ammo were able to fire on ~1800 targets before the flares expired. The increase hopefully won't cause trouble for regular usage of the artillery remote.
These changes will be in 0.0.3 once I remember where the hell the button for uploading new versions is again.