Is there a way to see the technology names from inside the game?
Unfortunately not (well, except using console commands). I know it's not very user friendly, but the alternative really means that a rather extensive GUI must be made. Keep in mind that you can also search for the items the research unlocks (item name, not localized name), which sometimes is easier.
Another alternative is to download https://mods.factorio.com/mods/Doomquill/research-queue. That mod should go along with AR just fine, and it offers a nice GUI for queuing research. If you haven't queued anything in Research Queue, then AR will pick a research for you.